Key Points
Question  Among children in Portugal, was there an association between receipt of a 4-component meningococcus group B vaccine (4CMenB) and group B invasive meningococcal disease?

Findings  In this matched case-control study that included 299 children, the likelihood of full vaccination with 4CMenB among children old enough to be fully immunized was significantly lower among cases with group B invasive meningococcal disease compared with controls without invasive meningococcal disease (odds ratio, 0.21).

Meaning  During the first 5 years of vaccine availability in Portugal, full vaccination with 4CMenB was less likely among children who developed group B invasive meningococcal disease compared with matched controls.

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